解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Studies of structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of action are fundamental to our understanding of the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment and their more direct effects on human health. It is important to identify factors that determine toxicological effects of foreign chemicals in biol...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.85615
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The X-ray crystallographic structural determinations of synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens provide reliable information on the global minimum energy conformation of these molecules or a local minimum energy conformation that is within 1 or 2 kcal/mole of the global minimum. In favorable cases, state-of-the-art mole...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8561111
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::[35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate or [35S]TBPS is an improved radioligand for the picrotoxinin binding site in rat brain synaptic membranes. The toxic isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorobornanes, and chlorinated cyclodienes displace [35S]TBPS with a stereospecificity and potency generally correlated w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8561123
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper addresses the subject of the use of selected toxicology information resources in assessing relationships between chemical structure and specific biological end points. To assist the researcher in how to access the primary literature of genetic toxicology, teratogenesis, and carcinogenesis, three specific sp...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8561287
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mass poisonings, called yusho and yu-cheng, occurred in western Japan in 1968 and central Taiwan in 1979, respectively. These occurrences were separately caused by ingestion of rice oils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated quaterphenyls. The tot...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560321
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subset of workers was followed after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in an occupational medicine clinic setting. Patterns of PCBs found in adipose tissue resembled the pattern seen when soot from the incident or Aroclor 1254 was examined by GC-MS. Adipose tissue also revealed levels...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560241
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of technical and statistical problems in monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of local area death rates in the United States for evidence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic strategy is proposed to reduce one of the major statistical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560369
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review and summary is given of analytical, biochemical, and immunological studies made following an immunodiagnostic investigation which revealed significant decreases in the numbers, and changes in the functional integrity, of both T-and B-lymphocytes in a group of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560107
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A follow-up study of capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their children was conducted since 1973. PCB levels in whole blood of workers as well as in breast milk of the exposed lactating mothers were approximately 10 to 100 times those of nonexposed Japanese. Blood PCB levels...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.59-1568101
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and experimental studies on respiratory involvement and alterations in immune status were carried out. Respiratory distress occurring in these patients has improved gradually for 14 years but still remains. Copious expectoration at an early stage of the disease may be related to the fact that a number of disc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.59-1568074
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in fly ash and cinders collected from nine municipal incinerators in Japan was made. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in this study were generally in the same range as those in Europe and North America. However, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.59-1568091
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous NIOSH studies demonstrated the embryo- and fetotoxicity and teratogenicity of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) applied to the shaved skin of pregnant rats. In the present study ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEEA), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845769
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant rats were exposed by inhalation to vapor concentrations of 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm reduced the feed intake, mean body weight and red blood cell counts. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845725
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subchronic inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) was evaluated in rats and rabbits using a 13-week exposure regimen. Groups of 20 rabbits (10 M, 10 F) and 30 rats (15 M, 15 F) were exposed to a vapor of 25 ppm, 100 ppm, or 400 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week. The control groups received air on...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8457157
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the rat pancreas is susceptible to experimental cancer induction, the spontaneous incidence of pancreatic cancer in this species is reported to be very low. However, we observed unusually high incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma in vehicle control male F344/N rats of some NCI/NTP 2-year tox...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8456213
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unique nonrespiratory functions of the lungs have become more apparent in recent years. The isolated perfused lung model offers many advantages over other methods for the study of pulmonary metabolism, xenobiotic disposition and the influence of interactions among agents of different physical forms. Detailed descr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.845635
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lungs may be exposed to potentially toxic metabolites that are either formed in situ or which are present in the circulation. Therefore, pulmonary injury may be a prominent effect of certain classes of chemicals that undergo bioactivation in the body. The specific types of lung cells damaged may depend upon factor...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.845547
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8455227
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need to identify specific biological indicator(s) of cadmium exposure so that the renal damage can be prevented. Towards this end, we have examined the usefulness of urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden. It is found that, in both animals and humans, urinary metallothionein level is...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8454171
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of our previous and recent work on cadmium metabolism in relation to age and diet are presented. Experiments were performed on albino rats aged 1-26 weeks. In some experiments rats were given different foods (milk, meat, bread) instead of standard rat diet. Some animals received trisodium calcium salt of d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845451
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of cadmium is determined by chelation reactions: in vivo, Cd2+ exists exclusively in coordination complexes with biological ligands, or with administered chelating agents. The Cd2+ ion has some soft character, but it is not a typical soft ion. It has a high degree of polarizability, and its complexes with...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8454249
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothioneins (MTs) are encoded by a multigene family in man. We have isolated those genes and analyzed the structure of some of them. The MT-II variant is encoded by a single functional gene: MT-IIA. The MT-IIB gene is a processed pseudogene derived from a reverse transcript of MT-II mRNA. On the other hand, the M...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8454111
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques are available to minimize the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Filtration research conducted at locations on Lake Superior and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington has shown that amphibole and chrysotile fibers can be removed by granular media filtration. Removal percentages can exceed ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8353169
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene has been known to be a bone marrow poison for almost a century. However, it was not until the last decade that benzene's carcinogenic potential was demonstrated by epidemiologic studies. The proposed regulation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to lower exposure levels of benzene in t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.835275
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the knowledge of high risk groups in the standard-setting process is examined. The overall conclusion is that many potential high risk segments of the population have not been studied adequately and that this deficiency in our knowledge markedly reduces the ability of decision makers to derive appropriate ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352257
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health is defined as homeostasis of the cellular ecology, and a state where there has not been an inordinate loss, reversible or irreversible, of the structural and/or functional reserves of the body. An adverse health effect is defined as the causation, promotion, facilitation and/or exacerbation of a structural and/...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352177
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide is widely distributed in the environment, and acute or chronic toxic effects may be of considerable public health significance. A review of the basis for current ambient standards is given. Mortality and morbidity studies have been negative or equivocal in relating carbon monoxide levels to health effe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352131
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were instilled intrabronchially with 1 mg UICC amosite suspended in 0.2 mL of filtered saline; control animals received the saline instillation only. Five animals from each group were killed on various days after instillation, up to day 128/129. Total retrieved cell counts and differential cell analysis were perf...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.835141
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The normal mucociliary epithelium of the respiratory tract in chronic cigarette smokers often is replaced focally by a metaplastic squamous epithelium. Because asbestos workers who smoke have a substantially greater risk of bronchogenic carcinoma than nonsmokers, we hypothesized that interaction of asbestos with squam...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.835127
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxic action of a series of mineral dusts has been studied using Chinese hamster V79-4 cells obtained from three separate laboratories in the UK. The dusts which have been studied include samples of asbestos from the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer reference series and an internationally available sample...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8351189
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a detailed experimental study of the pathogenicity of disease of slate dust workers, the early biochemical changes in rat lung from 1 to 90 days after intratracheal inoculation of slate dust of particle size below 5 micron were investigated. A severalfold increase in free cell population (initially macropha...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8351305
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cofactors involved in respiratory tract carcinogenesis were studied in Syrian golden hamsters or in rats using benzo(a)pyrene as the carcinogenic agent. These factors included severe tissue damage induced by electro-coagulation, glass fibers administered by intratracheal instillation, acetaldehyde as irritant vapor, f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350275
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure of rodents to high dose levels of drugs, food additives and environmental chemicals frequently results in liver enlargement. Several of these compounds have been found to enhance the incidence of liver tumors in animals briefly exposed previously to hepatocarcinogens. Accordingly, it has been advanced...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350113
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of urban dust as a source of lead for young children is still disputed. Although blood-lead data from various population surveys usually show a peak concentration in early childhood, there is evidence that such a peak is small or absent altogether in children without much access to the general environme...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350371
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implications of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis for evaluating the effect of exposure to carcinogens in the workplace are described. This theory predicts different patterns of excess risk related to duration of exposure, age at initial exposure, and follow-up time since exposure stopped, depending upon which s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350293
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basophilic hepatic foci, nodules, and trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas, collectively referred to as focal hepatic lesions, were induced by single injections of 5.0 micrograms of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) per gram body weight in 15-day-old C57BL/6J X C3HeB/FeJ F1 (B6C3 F1) mice. Groups of eight experimental and eigh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350149
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Substituted aromatic compounds can be metabolized in most species to N-acetylated derivatives that are themselves subject to further enzymatic transformations, including hydrolysis and N,O-acyltransfer. These proceses can either potentiate or ameliorate the biological responses to these N-substituted derivatives. De...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.834943
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisera elicited in rabbits were used in radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine femtomole quantities of deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)-acetylaminofluorene (dg-8-AAF) and deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)-aminofluorene (dg-8-AF). These adducts have been monitored in liver and kidney DNA of male Wis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834993
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated rat and human hepatocytes in primary culture were shown to metabolize AAF to reactive intermediates which damaged hepatocyte DNA. A significant increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis was detectable by autoradiography in rat and human hepatocytes exposed to concentrations of AAF as low as 1 microM. When rat hep...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8349165
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The historical exposures to aromatic amines of various occupational groups are briefly reviewed. Modern studies indicate that other occupational groups might have risks worth investigating; these include machinists and workers in the chemical industry. Details of a recent investigation into the exposure of dye workers...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834913
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00